A lot of people are taking medicines when they have a cold, even without a doctor's prescription. However, some over-the-counter cold medicines might not be good for the heart and could actually create an adverse effect.
According to Sondra DePalma, a physician assistant at the PinnacleHealth CardioVascular Institute at UPMC Pinnacle in Pennsylvania, those who have existing heart disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure should avoid taking oral decongestants, while the general population and those with low cardiovascular risk should use such medicines with the guidance of a health care provider.
DePalma co-authored the 2017 guidelines set by the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology, highlighting management of high blood pressure among adults. Decongestants, as well as and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) - usually found in the majority of cold medicines - have been listed as medications that can increase blood pressure.
Decongestants, such as phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine, constrict blood vessels. These medications allow less fluid into sinuses which "dries" a person up, MedicalXpress reported. The blood pressure guidelines suggested taking decongestants should only be on the shortest duration, it shouldn't be taken more than seven days before consulting with a health care provider.
Meanwhile, Dr. Erin Michos, associate director of preventive cardiology at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease in Baltimore, said NSAIDs are particularly risky for people with heart disease or heart failure, but healthy people might be at risk as well. The guidelines advised NSAIDs taken as pills must be avoided as much as possible to avoid affecting blood pressure. Topical NSAIDs and acetaminophen are the recommended alternatives.
DePalma said people should try effective therapies which are less risky, rather than taking medicines immediately. But, if other over-the-counter medications are needed, they should be taken cautiously. Moreover, those who are experiencing problems, such as high blood pressure or heart palpitations, after taking medicines should talk with their health care provider.
Michos also noted to drink plenty of fluids and rest if mild to moderate symptoms occur. Drinking water prevents dehydration, reduces body aches, clears mucous, and reduces the need to take decongestants. But, in order to avoid getting sick, Michos recommends wash hands frequently and to get enough sleep - particularly during flu and cold season.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also advised to get an annual flu vaccine for everyone 6 months and older, while children under 2 and adults 65 and older should get the pneumonia vaccine.
