The United Kingdom has announced a partial suspension of arms export licenses to Israel. On Monday, Foreign Secretary David Lammy revealed that 30 out of 350 licenses would be suspended due to concerns that the arms could be used in serious violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) amid the ongoing Gaza conflict.
Lammy's decision has been framed as a precautionary measure rather than a full embargo. "We recognize Israel's need to defend itself against security threats," Lammy told the House of Commons. "However, we are deeply worried by the methods that Israel has employed, particularly regarding civilian casualties and the destruction of civilian infrastructure."
The suspension targets specific components used in military aircraft, helicopters, drones, and other equipment potentially utilized in Gaza operations. Notably, parts for the F-35 fighter jets, which are integral to global defense programs, will be exempted from the suspension. This exemption aims to prevent disruptions in the broader F-35 supply chain but has been criticized by some as a glaring loophole.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu swiftly condemned the UK's action, describing it as "shameful" and detrimental to the fight against Hamas. "This decision will not change Israel's determination to defeat Hamas," Netanyahu stated via X (formerly Twitter). He argued that the suspension emboldens Hamas and undermines Israel's efforts to protect its citizens, including British hostages held by the militant group.
The timing of the suspension has exacerbated tensions. The UK's decision coincided with the mourning of six Israeli hostages recently executed by Hamas. Chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis expressed disbelief at the suspension, noting the timing was particularly insensitive given the recent loss of Israeli lives. "This announcement will serve to encourage our shared enemies," Mirvis said, criticizing the UK government for potentially undermining Israel's security at a critical juncture.
The decision has not only drawn ire from Israeli officials but also from British Jewish organizations. Phil Rosenberg, president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, criticized the move as sending a "terrible message" to both Israel and Hamas. Rosenberg and others fear that the suspension could embolden adversaries and escalate the conflict further.
In contrast, supporters of the suspension within the UK argue that it reflects a necessary adherence to international law. The Labour Friends of Israel expressed concerns that the suspension might encourage Israel's enemies and lead to further escalation rather than de-escalation of the conflict. The group's statement highlighted the broader geopolitical implications, warning of potential consequences for global security.
The UK government has clarified that the suspension is not a judgment on Israel's overall compliance with international law but rather a specific measure based on the risk of the arms being used in the Gaza conflict. "This is a forward-looking evaluation," Lammy stated. "It does not prejudge any future determinations by the competent courts."
The suspension follows a broader trend of reduced arms exports to Israel. Data from the Department for Business and Trade's Export Control unit shows a significant decline in the value of arms permits granted to Israel since the conflict began, with many licenses being for non-lethal items such as body armor and military helmets.
While the suspension represents a notable shift in UK foreign policy, the impact on Israel's overall security is debated. The UK government has assured that the measure will not materially affect Israel's ability to defend itself. Nonetheless, the controversy underscores the delicate balance between international law, humanitarian concerns, and geopolitical alliances.
